An LC low-pass filter consists of an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C) and is commonly used to allow low-frequency signals to pass while suppressing high-frequency components. Its basic structure places the inductor in series with the input signal and the capacitor in parallel to ground at the output, forming a resonant energy exchange system.

    At low frequencies, the inductor presents low impedance while the capacitor presents high impedance, allowing the signal to pass through almost unaffected. In this case, low-frequency signals are transmitted smoothly without significant attenuation.

    As the frequency increases, the inductor’s impedance rises significantly, and the capacitor’s impedance decreases. High-frequency signals are then diverted through the capacitor to ground, weakening their presence at the output. In this way, the filter suppresses high-frequency components and preserves low-frequency signals, effectively reducing noise and improving signal quality.

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